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It is unclear how the final implementation and shape of Medicaid eligibility provided by the ACA will benefit Hispanics. Major obstacles to health care access for Hispanics should be addressed, particularly those originating from substandard employment with limited health benefits, limited number of Hispanic health care providers, cultural sensitivity, geographic mobility, and undocumented status. These barriers result in Hispanics using fewer therapeutic and preventive health services even with increased access to, and utilization of, health services through the ACA [ , ].
The underrepresentation of Hispanic health care workers in health professions programs must be addressed through pipeline education programs, affirmative action admissions, diversity requirements for school accreditation, tuition loan repayment programs and federal, and scholarship funding to support diversity enrichment programs. Similar Hispanic representation must be accomplished at all levels of decision-making and services, following the Health in All Policies framework outlined above, to respond to the changing demographic and health profiles of Hispanics in the USA [ ].
This was expanded in through the Critical Access Hospital Program which requires that documents such as eligibility criteria for services, informed consent documents, discharge instructions, complaint forms, and other documents are provided in the language of LEP individuals; enforcement of these regulations is the responsibility of the Department of Health and Human Services Office for Civil Rights [ ]. Migration forces to the USA are diverse; multilateral country collaborations between migrant sender and recipient communities are needed to develop health care programs for Hispanics.
Undocumented immigrants are banned from purchasing health care services under the ACA. In June , California passed a bill to allow undocumented immigrants to purchase ACA insurance [ ]. Proponents of access to undocumented workers believe that allowing access to health care would reward this workforce for their contributions to society and advance social justice for this vulnerable population [ 19 , 81 ]. International epidemiologic intelligence information must be shared across borders among migrant sender and recipient communities of migrant workers to prevent and respond to health risks [ ].
Efforts should continue to disseminate the results of health disparities research and promotion and risk prevention strategies among Hispanics. Research must capture and interpret the sociocultural factors to explain Hispanic health inequalities by improving the terminology to identify Hispanics [ ] and increasing participation of Hispanics in health research. To this end, new research paradigms must use multilevel models and implementation science to incorporate the continuum of social determinants of health, health inequalities, and risk factors that modulate the epidemiologic profile of Hispanics in the USA.
Research constructs must adapt to the changing dynamics of Hispanic demographics and social conditions, in addition to the effects of policy changes introduced by the ACA for eligible and ineligible Hispanics. Translating research findings into practice will require funding multidisciplinary collaborations between Hispanic community stakeholders, government, and non-governmental organizations [ ]. The complexity of factors impinging on Hispanic health requires addressing the social determinants of health related to the quality of the social and physical environment where Hispanics live and work, including neighborhoods, housing, transportation, and environmental and employment conditions.
The changing profile of Hispanic morbidity and mortality offers new opportunities to further address the main morbidity and mortality causes and further the health outcomes underlying the Hispanic and Latina Birth Outcomes Paradoxes by curbing the obesity epidemic, expanding antenatal and perinatal care, preventing and ceasing smoking, and decreasing workplace hazards. Limited cultural sensitivity, health illiteracy, and a shortage of Hispanic health care providers remain as the main barriers to access to health services for Hispanics. Even for those with access to health care services, underutilization of preventive care is still a challenge. Migrant and undocumented workers are disproportionately exposed to health risks in the workplace, with limited access to health services.
Multiple gaps are evident regarding knowledge needed to improve Hispanic health. The weight of the evidence on Hispanic health is mostly from cross-sectional studies that offer nationwide averages, obscuring focalized health disparities and inequalities. The health of Hispanics in the USA differs by demographic, ethnic, and cultural subgroups. Understanding and addressing Hispanic health issues in a comprehensive way requires a targeted approach to country of origin and idiosyncrasy. The framework and scoping methodology guiding this review allow a comprehensive approach to assessing and monitoring Hispanic health in the USA and may be replicated at the state and local levels to evaluate the impact of social and health policies.
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Alexia Buzzonetti and Dr. Cuore, Rome. The present research is funded by Angelini S. Cuore, both grants awarded to CDR. Data were timely shared with Angelini S. A through progress and final reports, and during one internal meeting. Cuore, L. Cuore, Rome, Italy. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. CDR supervised the experiments, collected and analyzed the data, conceived the paper, and wrote the primary draft.
IC supervised the project, contributed to design the experimental plan, and helped with data analysis. DM and FP performed the immunocytochemistry and confocal imaging. GP shared his cell culture protocols and helped in the optimization of culture conditions. PN contributed to study design and manuscript editing. In the present paper, we focus on laser wake field acceleration in a new, highly non-linear regime. In the present relativistic regime, one should notice that the plama wave fronts are curved and first break new the wave axis and for lower values than the plane-wave limit.
This has been studied in 2D geometry in []. Here, we present 3D PIC simulations of two representative cases. The case I is just marginally above and the case II is far above the breaking threshold. This question is a little trickier! But where is the gap? We have to look closely at what exactly is being said. Thus, the gap statement is not explicit. It is a combination of stating that this concept has been studied in 2D, followed by announcement that the authors will study it in 3D.
Find primary research articles not reviews from reputable journals in your field. Underline the gap statement and circle the gap fill. Hosted By sites. The Essentials How do I get started on my writing? How do I find and use the literature? Formatting citations Formatting references How can I sound professional? Being concise Using visuals How do I organize my writing?
How do I implement mechanical conventions? Identify the gap. In a journal article or poster, this is often done in a new paragraph and should be accomplished in one summary statement, such as: Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of lead on the hepatobiliary system, especially on the liver and on the gallbladder adapted from Sipos et al.
Adapted from Monthioux et al. Adapted from Lecoanet, Bottero, and Wiesner : A risk assessment of the potential impacts on health and environment that the production, use, and disposal of nanomaterials may engender requires information concerning both the potential for exposure to a given material and its once exposed potential impacts such as toxicity or mutagenicity.
Assessing multiparametric drug response in tissue engineered tumor Dd Literature Review models. Dd Literature Review Biol. Home Dd Literature Review Vol. Most Dd Literature Review the green tea polyphenols GTPs Dd Literature Review flavonols, commonly known as catechins. Between hercules and antaeusthe Dd Literature Review rate among Hispanics in the Malcolm X Speech Analysis increased 5.